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Executive Summary The paper examines Jamaica’s primary challenge as a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) [i] heavily reliant on tourism. Hurricane Melissa in 2025 inflicted severe damage on the tourism sector, which accounts for nearly a third of the nation’s economy, [ii]  with initial losses of approximately “$62 million in the first week.” [iii] This incident underscored the dangers of sector-specific dependence: high income but significant vulnerability. [iv] The stu

Colombia’s modern paradox lies in its resilient formal democracy, contrasted with deep-rooted structural instability. This can be understood by examining how presidential authority, ongoing political party fragmentation, distorted economic policies, flawed electoral systems, and the growth of transnational crime collectively influence democratic governance. [1] Scholars indicate that the country’s stability is increasingly threatened not by traditional coups, but through a c

The hospitality and tourism sector is a vital part of the global economy, significantly contributing to GDP, employment, and cultural exchanges. However, it does not operate independently; government policies heavily shape it. These policies consist of three interconnected tools: fiscal policy (government spending and taxes), monetary policy (central bank control of money supply and interest rates), and regulatory policy (laws governing business activities) (Chen, 2023; Nguye

Tourism During the Era of Polycrisis The global tourism industry operates within an increasingly unstable environment characterized by interconnected and escalating international threats, a situation now described as an evolving “polycrisis” (Gössling & Scott, 2024). A polycrisis occurs when crises across multiple global systems become “causally entangled in ways that significantly degrade humanity’s prospects,” causing damages that are “greater than the sum of those the cris